๐ ็ธฝ็ฎ้ ๏ฝ ๐ ่ฑๆๅๆ๏ผๆฌ็ฏ๏ผ ๏ฝ ๐ ๅฎๆด็ฟป่ญฏ ๏ฝ โญ ็ฒพ่ฏ็ญ่จ
EPIDEMIOLOGY
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a common disease with significant morbidity and mortality. The strongest factor affecting risk for lupus is sex: women with SLE outnumber men by at least 9โ:โ1. Since SLE occurs most commonly in women during their childbearing years, it is likely that hormonal factors influence susceptibility. Consistent with the importance of sex steroids in the expression of disease, lupus is rare in prepubertal children. Those patients with โonlyโ cutaneous lesions appear to have a somewhat lower female-to-male ratio (perhaps 3โ:โ1), but there is still a female predominance. Ethnicity is also a major risk factor, and its effect in some populations is almost as strong as that of sex. In the US, the prevalence of SLE is fourfold higher in African-American women as compared to White women (211 in 100โ000 versus 64 in 100โ000). Additionally, African- Americans tend to develop disease at an earlier age and have a higher mortality rate. A long-term study of a multi-ethnic cohort of 587 SLE patients from Texas, Alabama, and Puerto Rico found that African- Americans and Hispanics from Texas had more severe disease than Whites or Hispanics from Puerto Rico. It is likely that Asians, Latin Americans, and White populations in Europe have a similar prevalence of lupus as do White populations living in the US.
Highlighting the importance of skin disease in LE, population-based studies indicate that there are approximately as many patients who have cutaneous LE without concurrent SLE as there are patients who have SLE.