APPENDIX
Tandem mass spectrometry (TM/TM) for precise identification of an amyloid protein: Mayo Clinic Medical Laboratories, Rochester, MN, USA, and University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Knoxville, TN, USA.
Additional figures available in our eBook (see inside front cover for access code).
- Lin M, Lee D, Liu T, et al. Novel IL31RA gene mutation
1996;63:16–23.2. Wong CK. Amyloid. History and modern concepts. Clin of primary cutaneous amyloidosis: a randomized clinical trial. Lasers Surg Med. 2015;47:388–395.44. Anitha B, Mysore V. Lichen amyloidosis: novel treatment and ancestral OSMR mutant allele in familial primary cutaneous amyloidosis. Eur J Hum Genet. 2010;18:26–32.25. Tanaka A, Lai-Cheong JE, van den Akker PC, et al. The
Dermatol. 1990;8:1–6.3. Freudenthal W. Amyloid in der haut. Arch Dermatol Syph.
with fractional ablative 2,940 nm Erbium:YAG laser treatment. J Cutan Aesthet Surg. 2012;5:141–143.45. Hernandez-Nunez A, Dauden E, Moreno de Vega MJ, molecular skin pathology of familial primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis. Exp Dermatol. 2010;19:416–423.26. Ruzicka T, Hanifin JM, Furue M, et al. Anti-interleukin-31
1930;9:114–118.4. Falk RH, Comenzo RL, Skinner M. The systemic amyloi- doses. N Engl J Med. 1997;337:898–909.5. Immonen K, Finne P, Grönhagen-Riska C. A marked et al. Widespread biphasic amyloidosis: response to acitretin. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2001;26:256–259.46. Koh WS, Oh EH, Kim JE, Ro YS. Alitretinoin treatment of receptor A antibody for atopic dermatitis. N Engl J Med. 2017;376:826–835.27. Shiao YM, Chung HJ, Chen CC, et al. MCP-1 as an effector decline in the incidence of renal replacement therapy for amyloidosis associated with inflammatory rheumatic diseases – data from nationwide registries in Finland. Amyloid. 2011;18:25–28.6. Ravichandran S, Lachmann HJ, Wechalekar AD.
lichen amyloidosis. Dermatol Ther. 2017;30(6).
47. Tong PL, Walker WA, Glancy RJ, et al. Primary localized of IL-31 signaling in familial primary cutaneous amyloidosis. J Invest Dermatol. 2013;133:1375–1378.28. Onoufriadis A, Hsu CK, Eide CR, et al. Semidominant cutaneous nodular amyloidosis successfully treated with cyclophosphamide. Australas J Dermatol. 2013;54:e12–e15.48. Caubet C, Bousset L, Clemmensen O, et al. A new
GPNMB mutations in amyloidosis cutis dyschromica. J Invest Dermatol. 2019;139:2550–2554.29. Kousseff BG. Multiple endocrine neoplasia 2 (MEN 2)/
Epidemiologic and survival trends in amyloidosis, 1987–2019. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:1567–1568.7. Tan T. Epidemiology of primary cutaneous amyloidoses amyloidosis caused by fibrillar aggregates of mutated corneodesmosin. FASEB J. 2010;24:3416–3426.49. Muchtar E, Dispenzieri A, Magen H, et al. Systemic
MEN 2A (Sipple syndrome). Dermatol Clin. 1995;13:91–97.30. Verga U, Fugazzola L, Cambiaghi S, et al. Frequent in southeast Asia. Clin Dermatol. 1990;8:20–24.8. Ollague W, Ollague J, Ferretti H. Epidemiology of primary association between MEN 2A and cutaneous lichen amyloidosis. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2003;59:156–161.31. Partington MW, Prentice RS. X-linked cutaneous amyloi- cutaneous amyloidoses in South America. Clin Dermatol. 1990;8:25–29.9. Buxbaum JN, Tagoe CE. The genetics of the amyloidoses.
amyloidosis from A (AA) to T (ATTR): a review. J Intern Med. 2021;289:268–292.50. Kyle RA, Gertz MA. Primary systemic amyloidosis: clinical dosis: further clinical and pathological observations. Am J Med Genet. 1989;32:115–119.32. Fujimoto N, Yajima M, Ohnishi Y, et al. Advanced
Annu Rev Med. 2000;51:543–569.9a. Buxbaum JN, Dispenzieri A, Eisenberg DS, et al.
Amyloid nomenclature 2022: update, novel proteins, and recommendations by the International Society of Amyloidosis (ISA) Nomenclature Committee. Amyloid. 2022;29:213–219.10. Sipe JD, Benson MD, Buxbaum JN, et al. Amyloid fibril and laboratory features in 474 cases. Semin Hematol. 1995;32:45–59.51. Kyle RA, Gertz MA, Greipp PR, et al. A trial of three glycation end product-modified beta2-microglobulin is a component of amyloid fibrils of primary localized cutaneous nodular amyloidosis. J Invest Dermatol. 2002;118:479–484.33. Hagari Y, Mihara M, Hagari S. Nodular localized protein nomenclature: 2010 recommendations from the nomenclature committee of the International Society of Amyloidosis. Amyloid. 2010;17:101–104.11. Hashimoto K, Ito K, Taniguchi Y, et al. Keratin in regimens for primary amyloidosis: colchicine alone, melphalan and prednisone, and melphalan, prednisone, and colchicine. N Engl J Med. 1997;336:1202–1207.52. Skinner M, Anderson J, Simms R, et al. Treatment of 100 patients with primary amyloidosis: a randomized trial of melphalan, prednisone, and colchicine versus colchicine only. Am J Med. 1996;100:290–298.53. Skinner M, Sanchorawala V, Seldin DC, et al. High-dose cutaneous amyloidosis: detection of monoclonality of infiltrating plasma cells by polymerase chain reaction. Br J Dermatol. 1996;135:630–633.34. Moon AO, Calamia KT, Walsh JS. Nodular amyloidosis:
cutaneous amyloidoses. Clin Dermatol. 1990;8:55–65.12. Furumoto H, Hashimoto Y, Muto M, et al. Apolipoprotein melphalan and autologous stem-cell transplantation in patients with AL amyloidosis: an 8-year study. Ann Intern Med. 2004;140:85–93.54. Fernandez-Nebro A, Tomero E, Ortiz-Santamaria V, et al.
review and long-term follow-up of 16 cases. Arch Dermatol. 2003;139:1157–1159.35. Ikeda SI, Hineno A, Yoshinaga T, et al. Sjögren syndrome-
E4 is associated with primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis. J Invest Dermatol. 2002;119:532–533.13. Miura Y, Harumiya S, Ono K, et al. Galectin-7 and related plasma cell disorder and multifocal nodular AL amyloidosis: clinical picture and pathological findings. Amyloid. 2019;26:225–233.36. Walsh NM, Lano IM, Green P, et al. AL amyloidoma of the actin are components of amyloid deposit of localized cutaneous amyloidosis. Exp Dermatol. 2013;22:36–40.14. Tey HL, Cao T, Nattkemper LA, et al. Pathophysiology of
Treatment of rheumatic inflammatory disease in 25 patients with secondary amyloidosis using tumor necrosis factor alpha antagonists. Am J Med. 2005;118:552–556.55. Dember LM, Hawkins PN, Hazenberg BPC, et al.
skin/subcutis: cutaneous amyloidosis, plasma cell dyscrasia or a manifestation of primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma? Am J Surg Pathol. 2017;41:1069–1076.37. Dangien A, Beylot-Barry M, Battistella M, et al. Clinical pruritus in primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis. Br J Dermatol. 2016;174:1345–1350.15. Breathnach SM. Amyloid and amyloidosis. J Am Acad
Dermatol. 1988;18:1–16.16. Solomon A, Murphy CL, Westermark CL, et al.
Eprodisate for the treatment of renal disease in AA amyloidosis. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:2349–2360.56. Shimizu S, Yasui C, Yasukawa K, et al. Subcutaneous nodules on the buttocks as a manifestation of dialysisrelated amyloidosis: a clinicopathological entity. Br J Dermatol. 2003;149:400–404.57. Uenotsuchi T, Imafuku S, Nagata M, et al. Cutaneous presentation, therapeutic approach and outcome of primary cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphoma presenting as AL amyloidoma of the skin. Br J Dermatol. 2019;181:607–609.38. Woollons A, Black MM. Nodular localized primary
Misclassification of amyloidosis is unwarranted. Blood. 2006;108:776–777.17. Wisniowski B, Wechalekar A. Confirming the diagnosis of amyloidosis. Acta Haematol. 2020;143:312–321.18. Wang WJ. Clinical features of cutaneous amyloidoses.
and lingual papules as a sign of beta 2 microglobulinderived amyloidosis in a long-term hemodialysis patient. Eur J Dermatol. 2003;13:393–395.58. Nag S, Larsson M, Robinson RC, Burtnick LD. Gelsolin:
cutaneous amyloidosis: a long-term follow-up study. Br J Dermatol. 2001;145:105–109.39. Weidner T, Illing T, Elsner P. Primary localized cutaneous
Clin Dermatol. 1990;8:13–19.19. Wang WJ, Chang YT, Huang CY, et al. Clinical and the tail of a molecular gymnast. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken). 2013;70:360–384.59. Solomon JP, Page LJ, Balch WE, Kelly JW. Gelsolin amyloi- amyloidosis: a systematic treatment review. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2017;18:629–642.40. Aoki K, Ohyama M, Mizukawa Y. A case of lichen amyloi- histopathological characteristics of primary cutaneous amyloidosis in 794 Chinese patients. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei). 2001;64:101–107.20. Fang S, Shen X, Chen AJ, et al. Health-related quality of dosis: genetics, biochemistry, pathology and possible strategies for therapeutic intervention. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol. 2012;47:282–296.60. Schmidt E-K, Mustonen T, Kiuru-Enari S, et al. Finnish dosis associated with atopic dermatitis successfully treated with dupilumab: a case report and literature review. Dermatol Ther. 2021;34:e15005.41. Jin AG, Por A, Wee LK, et al. Comparative study of photo- life in patients with primary cutaneous amyloidosis. PLoS ONE. 2015;10:e0120623.21. Rasi A, Khatami A, Javaheri SM. Macular amyloidosis: an gelsolin amyloidosis causes significant disease burden but does not affect survival: FIN-GAR phase II study. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2020;15:19.61. Lanoue J, Wei N, Gorevic P, Phelps RG. Cutaneous therapy (UVB) vs. photochemotherapy (PUVA) vs. topical steroids in the treatment of primary cutaneous lichen amyloidosis. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2001;17:42–43.42. Wong CK. Amyloid treatment. Clin Dermatol.
assessment of prevalence, sex, and age. Int J Dermatol. 2004;43:898–899.22. Parsi K, Kossard S. Thermosensitive lichen amyloidosis.
Int J Dermatol. 2004;43:925–928.23. Arita K, South AP, Hans-Filho G, et al. Oncostatin M manifestations of familial transthyretin amyloid polyneuropathy. Am J Dermatopathol. 2016;38:719–725.62. Emdin M, Aimo A, Rapezzi C, et al. Treatment of cardiac
1990;8:108–111.43. Esmat SM, Fawzi MM, Gawdat HI, et al. Efficacy of receptor-beta mutations underlie familial primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis. Am J Hum Genet. 2008;82:73–80.
transthyretin amyloidosis: an update. Eur Heart J. 2019;40:3699–3706.
different modes of fractional CO2 laser in the treatment