Introduction
Key features
Cutaneous xanthomas can signal the presence of an underlying hyperlipidemia or monoclonal gammopathy
An understanding of basic lipid metabolism provides insight into the underlying hyperlipoproteinemias as well as the formation of xanthomas
The major forms of xanthomas associated with hyperlipidemia are:
eruptive, tuberous, tendinous, and plane (including xanthelasma)
Normolipemic plane xanthomas occur in association with monoclonal gammopathies
Histologically, lipid-laden macrophages (foam cells) are seen in the dermis
Prompt recognition and proper treatment can lead to xanthoma resolution as well as prevention of potentially life-threatening complications