๐ ็ธฝ็ฎ้ ๏ฝ ๐ ่ฑๆๅๆ๏ผๆฌ็ฏ๏ผ ๏ฝ ๐ ๅฎๆด็ฟป่ญฏ ๏ฝ โญ ็ฒพ่ฏ็ญ่จ
Zirconium
Some zirconium salts were once components of antiperspirant preparations as well as over-the-counter preparations used in the treatment of allergic contact dermatitis. Sodium zirconium lactate was the first salt incriminated as a cause of foreign body reactions and while banned in the late 1970s, it was replaced by aluminumโzirconium complexes. Subsequently, zirconium oxide and aluminumโzirconium complex were shown to be capable of producing the same reaction. Development of foreign body granulomas represents a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to zirconium.
In sensitized individuals, persistent, soft, redโbrown papules appear in areas to which zirconium-containing preparations were applied. The axillary skin is the most frequently affected site.
Histologically, non-caseating granulomas resembling a sarcoidal reaction are seen. The small size of the zirconium particles does not allow their detection with polarized light microscopy; however, energydispersive X-ray analysis can prove their presence.