๐ ็ธฝ็ฎ้ ๏ฝ ๐ ่ฑๆๅๆ๏ผๆฌ็ฏ๏ผ ๏ฝ ๐ ๅฎๆด็ฟป่ญฏ ๏ฝ โญ ็ฒพ่ฏ็ญ่จ
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
Reducing the temperature of the skin was initially done to provide anesthesia or lessen inflammation. With the advent of potent cryogens, selective destruction of tissue became possible. James M. Arnott is credited with first describing the use of controlled freezing in the 1800s to destroy tumors. Liquefied oxygen and carbon monoxide preceded the introduction of liquid nitrogen (LN) by Carl von Linde. By 1898, James Dewar had developed a flask that permitted storage and transportation of LN thereby rendering LN accessible to physicians.
In 1899, Archibald Campbell White reported on the successful treatment of multiple benign and malignant skin conditions with liquefied air applied via an adapted bottle; the latter could be considered the prototype of modern hand-held units. Herman V. Allington then described how LN-saturated cotton swabs could be used to treat various skin conditions. In 1961, the neurosurgeon Irving S. Cooper, together with Arnold Lee, developed the first cryosurgical probe. Increased use of LN for medical purposes followed the design of safe portable hand-held units.