🗂 總目錄 ｜ 📖 英文原文（本篇） ｜ 📝 完整翻譯 ｜ ⭐ 精華筆記

CONCLUSIONS

Avoiding complications requires planning and careful evaluation at each stage of the procedure: preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative. Despite the best intentions, careful planning, and the most expert hands, complications still occur. The surgeon must remember to treat the patient, not just the condition. The patient who feels abandoned may not be happy with any outcome, no matter how technically perfect.

Additional figures available in our eBook (see inside front cover for access code).

16. Dinehart SM, Henry L. Dietary supplements: altered incidence of complications associated with Mohs micrographic surgery. Arch Dermatol. 2003;139:143–152.2. Starling J 3rd, Thosani MK, Coldiron BM. Determining the

17. Gilbert S, McBurney E. Use of valacyclovir for herpes coagulation and effects on bruising. Dermatol Surg. 2005;31:819–826. discussion 826.17. Deykin D, Janson P, McMahon L. Ethanol potentiation safety of office-based surgery: what 10 years of Florida data and 6 years of Alabama data reveal. Dermatol Surg. 2012;38:171–177.3. Callahan S, Goldsberry A, Kim G, Yoo S. The management simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) prophylaxis after facial resurfacing: a randomized clinical trial of dosing regimens. Dermatol Surg. 2000;26:50–54.34. Wright TI, Baddour LM, Berbari EF, et al. Antibiotic of aspirin-induced prolongation of the bleeding time. N Engl J Med. 1982;306:852–854.18. Scappaticci FA, Fehrenbacher L, Cartwright T, et al.

prophylaxis in dermatologic surgery: advisory statement
2008. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008;59:464–473.35. Rethman MP, Watters W 3rd, Abt E, et al. The American

Surgical wound healing complications in metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with bevacizumab. J Surg Oncol. 2005;91:173–180.19. Erinjeri JP, Fong AJ, Kemeny NE, et al. Timing of of antithrombotic medication in skin surgery. Dermatol Surg. 2012;38:1417–1426.4. Lewis KG, Dufresne RG Jr. A meta-analysis of compli- cations attributed to anticoagulation among patients following cutaneous surgery. Dermatol Surg. 2008;34:160–164. discussion 164–5.5. Salasche SJ. Acute surgical complications: cause,

Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons and the American Dental Association clinical practice guideline on the prevention of orthopaedic implant infection in patients undergoing dental procedures. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2013;95:745–747.36. Sollecito TP, Abt E, Lockhart PB, et al. The use of administration of bevacizumab chemotherapy affects wound healing after chest wall port placement. Cancer. 2011;117:1296–1301.20. Smith JB, Fenske NA. Cutaneous manifestations prevention, and treatment. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1986;15:1163–1185.6. Di Vincenzo V, Cappelletti L, Acciai N, et al. The effect of prophylactic antibiotics prior to dental procedures in patients with prosthetic joints: evidence-based clinical practice guideline for dental practitioners: a report of the American Dental Association Council on Scientific Affairs. J Am Dent Assoc. 2015;146:11–16. e8.37. El-Gamal HM, Dufresne RG, Saddler K. Electrosurgery, and consequences of smoking. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1996;34:717–732; quiz 733–4.21. Goldminz D, Bennett RG. Cigarette smoking and dipyridamole and aspirin on postoperative blood loss after myocardial revascularization. J Cardiothorac Anesth. 1989;3(Suppl 1):88.7. Cook-Norris RH, Michaels JD, Weaver AL, et al.

flap and full-thickness graft necrosis. Arch Dermatol. 1991;127:1012–1015.22. Jensen JA, Goodson WH, Hopf HW, Hunt TK. Cigarette pacemakers and ICDs: a survey of precautions and complications experienced by cutaneous surgeons. Dermatol Surg. 2001;27:385–390.38. LeVasseur JG, Kennard CD, Finley EM, Muse RK.

smoking decreases tissue oxygen. Arch Surg. 1991;126:1131–1134.23. Gill JF, Yu SS, Neuhaus IM. Tobacco smoking and derma-

Complications of cutaneous surgery in patients taking clopidogrel-containing anticoagulation. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011;65:584–591.8. Bordeaux JS, Martires KJ, Goldberg D, et al. Prospective tologic surgery. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2013;68:167–172.24. Sorensen LT. Wound healing and infection in surgery:

evaluation of dermatologic surgery complications including patients on multiple antiplatelet and anticoagulant medications. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011;65:576–583.9. Ah-Weng A, Natarajan S, Velangi S, Langtry JA.

Dermatologic electrosurgery in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and pacemakers. Dermatol Surg. 1998;24:233–240.39. Tripathi SV, Hurst EA. Pacemakers, deep brain stimu- the pathophysiological impact of smoking, smoking cessation, and nicotine replacement therapy: a systematic review. Ann Surg. 2012;255:1069–1079.25. Rubenstein R, Roenigk HH Jr, Stegman SJ, Hanke CW.

lators, cochlear implants, and nerve stimulators: a review of common devices encountered in the dermatologic surgery patient. Dermatol Surg. 2019;45:1228–1236.40. Thomas RM, Amonette RA. Emergencies in skin surgery.

Atypical keloids after dermabrasion of patients taking isotretinoin. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1986;15:280–285.26. Zachariae H. Delayed wound healing and keloid formation

Preoperative monitoring of warfarin in cutaneous surgery. Br J Dermatol. 2003;149:386–389.10. Alcalay J. Cutaneous surgery in patients receiving

In: Roenigk RK, Roenigk HHJ, eds. Dermatologic Surgery Principles and Practice. 2nd ed. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1996, pp. 77–89.41. Brigo F, Nardone R, Ausserer H, et al. The diagnostic following argon laser treatment or dermabrasion during isotretinoin treatment. Br J Dermatol. 1988;118:703–706.27. Bernestein LJ, Geronemus RG. Keloid formation with the warfarin therapy. Dermatol Surg. 2001;27:756–758.11. Alcalay J, Alkalay R. Controversies in perioperative management of blood thinners in dermatologic surgery: continue or discontinue? Dermatol Surg. 2004;30:1091–
1094. discussion 1094.12. Caliendo FJ, Halpern VJ, Marini CP, et al. Warfarin antico-

585-nm pulsed dye laser during isotretinoin treatment. Arch Dermatol. 1997;133:111–112.28. Bagatin E, dos Santos Guadanhim LR, Yarak S, et al.

value of urinary incontinence in the differential diagnosis of seizures. Seizure. 2013;22:85–90.42. Ljunggren B, Moller H. Eczematous contact allergy to

Dermabrasion for acne scars during treatment with oral isotretinoin. Dermatol Surg. 2010;36:483–489.29. Picosse FR, Yarak S, Cabral NC, Bagatin E. Early agulation in the perioperative period: is it safe? Ann Vasc Surg. 1999;13:11–16.13. Blasdale C, Lawrence CM. Perioperative international chlorhexidine. Acta Derm Venereol. 1972;52:308–310.43. Marks JG, Jr. Allergic contact dermatitis to povidone- iodine. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1982;6:473–475.44. Greenbaum SS, Greenbaum CH. Intraoperative tissue chemabrasion for acne scars after treatment with oral isotretinoin. Dermatol Surg. 2012;38:1521–1526.30. Chandrashekar BS, Varsha DV, Vasanth V, et al. Safety of normalized ratio level is a poor predictor of postoperative bleeding complications in dermatological surgery patients taking warfarin. Br J Dermatol. 2008;158:522–526.14. Healey JS, Eikelboom J, Douketis J, et al. Periprocedural expansion using a Foley catheter following excision of a basal cell carcinoma. J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1990;16:45–48.45. Denkler K. A comprehensive review of epinephrine performing invasive acne scar treatment and laser hair removal in patients on oral isotretinoin: a retrospective study of 110 patients. Int J Dermatol. 2014;53:1281–1285.31. Moradi A, Aghaei S, Safaee-Ardekani G, Moradi M.

bleeding and thromboembolic events with dabigatran compared with warfarin: results from the Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulation Therapy (RE-LY) randomized trial. Circulation. 2012;126:343–348.15. Eilers RE Jr, Goldenberg A, Cowan NL, et al. A retro- in the finger: to do or not to do. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2001;108:114–124.46. Krunic AL, Wang LC, Soltani K, et al. Digital anesthesia

Co-administration of NLite and Er:YAG laser with isotretinoin. Lasers Surg Med. 2009;41:34–35.32. Yoon JH, Park EJ, Kwon IH, et al. Concomitant use of an spective assessment of postoperative bleeding complications in anticoagulated patients following Mohs micrographic surgery. Dermatol Surg. 2018;44:504–511.

with epinephrine: an old myth revisited. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2004;51:755–759.47. Thomson CJ, Lalonde DH, Denkler KA, Feicht AJ. A infrared fractional laser with low-dose isotretinoin for the treatment of acne and acne scars. J Dermatolog Treat. 2014;25:142–146.

critical look at the evidence for and against elective epinephrine use in the finger. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2007;119:260–266.

Corticosteroid injections can improve the appearance of a trapdoor deformity in the area of a flap. The patient should also be instructed to massage the area. Revision can be considered if these interventions do not produce an acceptable cosmetic result. Multiple small Z-plasties along the scar line, “defatting”, and peripheral undermining can also improve the appearance. However, patience often produces the best results.

Patients should be warned about the possibility of hyper- or hypopigmentation. Pigmentary variations are more pronounced in individuals with darker skin phototypes. The wound site should be strictly protected from UV exposure. Early epidermal hyperpigmentation can be improved with topical hydroquinone, though this is ineffective unless combined with UV protection.