結論（CONCLUSIONS）
避免併發症需要在手術的每一個階段——術前、術中與術後——都進行規劃與仔細評估。儘管有最好的立意、周密的規劃與最純熟的雙手，併發症仍然會發生。外科醫師必須記得治療的是病人，而不只是疾病。感覺被拋棄的病人，無論結果在技術上多麼完美，都可能不會滿意。
更多圖片可於我們的電子書中取得（存取碼見封面內頁）。
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皮質類固醇注射可改善皮瓣區域活門畸形（trapdoor deformity）的外觀。也應指示病人按摩該區域。若這些介入未產生可接受的美容結果，則可考慮進行修整手術。沿疤痕線施行多個小型 Z 成形術（Z-plasties）、「去脂（defatting）」與周邊潛行剝離，也可改善外觀。然而，耐心往往能帶來最好的結果。
應提醒病人可能發生色素增加或色素減少。膚色較深光型（skin phototypes）的個體，色素變化更為明顯。傷口部位應嚴格避免紫外線暴露。早期的表皮色素增加可用外用 hydroquinone 改善，不過除非搭配紫外線防護，否則無效。