🗂 總目錄 ｜ 📖 英文原文（本篇） ｜ 📝 完整翻譯 ｜ ⭐ 精華筆記

SUMMARY

BoNT-A remains the treatment of choice for smoothing hyperkinetic lines in the face and neck, creating a more pleasant and youthful appearance. Alone or in combination with surgery, soft-tissue augmentation, or ablative and non-ablative laser resurfacing, BoNT-A treatment is both an art and a science, with its use in facial sculpting and enhancing, along with dermatologic correction. Intramuscular injections of BoNT-A have also become first-line therapeutic options for a number of disorders characterized by muscular hyperactivity, such as strabismus, blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm, and cervical dystonia. In addition, the ability of BoNT to block acetylcholine release and other neurotransmitters from autonomic nerve endings innervating glandular tissue or smooth muscle has led to its use for hyperhidrosis, migraine prophylaxis, and Raynaud phenomenon. Easy to use, minimally invasive, and well tolerated, BoNT carries an impressive safety record, and there is no doubt its number of indications will continue to grow.

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therapeutic doses in already compromised individuals. As a result, the FDA requested safety label changes with black box warnings and a risk evaluation and mitigation strategy (REMS), including a consumer guide outlining the risks associated with treatment, for all BoNT products.