๐ ็ธฝ็ฎ้ ๏ฝ ๐ ่ฑๆๅๆ๏ผๆฌ็ฏ๏ผ ๏ฝ ๐ ๅฎๆด็ฟป่ญฏ ๏ฝ โญ ็ฒพ่ฏ็ญ่จ
INTRODUCTION
There are two major forms of contact dermatitis: irritant and allergic. Irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) is a cutaneous inflammatory disorder resulting from activation of the innate immune system by the direct cytotoxic effect of a chemical or physical agent, whereas allergic contact dermatitis is a delayed-type hypersensitivity immune reaction mediated by hapten-specific T cells.
Contact dermatitis is a matter of public health importance, with total direct costs exceeding an estimated $1.5 billion in the US in 2013. Occupational contact dermatitis represents a significant cost to society when accounting for medical costs, workersโ compensation, decreased productivity, and lost time from work. A National Health Interview Survey suggested that in 2010, 15โmillion Americans were affected by occupational dermatitis, a figure 100-fold higher than in prior reports by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics. Overall, the impact of occupational skin diseases on both society and the individual is formidable in light of both prevalence and economic factors.