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Introduction
Martin Rรถcken and Kamran Ghoreschi Morphea and Lichen Sclerosus 44
Morphea and lichen sclerosus (LS) are inflammatory skin diseases that ultimately evolve into two distinct modes of cutaneous sclerosis. In morphea, there is inflammation of the dermis that may extend into subcutaneous structures. Lichen sclerosus is primarily a disease of the genital mucosa (and less often extragenital sites) that affects the epidermis and the dermis. Morphea may lead to joint contractures and atrophy of underlying muscle, but there is no involvement of internal organs. The exceptions are the ocular and neurologic symptoms seen in a small minority of patients with linear morphea of the head or ParryโRomberg syndrome, in which there is extension into under-lying muscles, bones, and occasionally deeper structures. While some patients may develop both disorders simultaneously, they are addressed separately because of their distinct features and different but overlapping therapeutic approaches.