๐ ็ธฝ็ฎ้ ๏ฝ ๐ ่ฑๆๅๆ๏ผๆฌ็ฏ๏ผ ๏ฝ ๐ ๅฎๆด็ฟป่ญฏ ๏ฝ โญ ็ฒพ่ฏ็ญ่จ
Introduction
Developmental Anomalies 64
Key features
ยThe human neural tube is thought to close in an intermittent, multisite pattern, and neural tube defects that present as midline cutaneous lesions (e.g. cephaloceles, heterotopic brain tissue, rudimentary meningoceles) typically occur at the junction between two closure sites
ยMidline lesions of the nose and scalp have a high likelihood of representing developmental defects with a potential intracranial connection, and an evaluation with CT or MRI prior to surgical inter-vention is critical
ยThe presence of a โhair collarโ surrounding a lesion on the scalp is a sign of ectopic neural tissue or membranous aplasia cutis; the latter is thought to represent a forme fruste of a neural tube defect
ยCutaneous lesions overlying the spinal axis can serve as a marker for spinal dysraphism, and their presence is often an indication for radiologic evaluation
ยAplasia cutis congenita, a physical finding reflecting a disruption of intrauterine skin development, can be approached clinically based on the morphology and distribution of lesions as well as the presence or absence of associated abnormalities
ยA number of other developmental anomalies affect the skin;
although they usually represent isolated defects, it is important to be aware of potential associated conditions