๐ ็ธฝ็ฎ้ ๏ฝ ๐ ่ฑๆๅๆ๏ผๆฌ็ฏ๏ผ ๏ฝ ๐ ๅฎๆด็ฟป่ญฏ ๏ฝ โญ ็ฒพ่ฏ็ญ่จ
Beryllium
Chronic beryllium disease is an immunologically mediated occupational disease, primarily affecting workers exposed to beryllium during its manufacture and recycling or in alloy production. Inhalation of beryllium particles was thought to be the source of exposure, but more recent evidence points to both penetration of fine particles (<1ย micron) through intact skin, as well as inhalation, as possible routes. In systemic berylliosis, the primary pathology is in the lung and skin involvement is rare (<1%). The cutaneous granulomas of systemic berylliosis consist of widely scattered papules with no secondary changes.
Histologically, cutaneous lesions of systemic berylliosis are indistinguishable from sarcoidosis. In the past, when beryllium was used in the manufacture of fluorescent light bulbs, local cutaneous berylliosis was noted to have a caseating tuberculoid pattern. In systemic berylliosis, bronchioalveolar lavage is recommended for diagnosis.