๐ ็ธฝ็ฎ้ ๏ฝ ๐ ่ฑๆๅๆ๏ผๆฌ็ฏ๏ผ ๏ฝ ๐ ๅฎๆด็ฟป่ญฏ ๏ฝ โญ ็ฒพ่ฏ็ญ่จ
INTRODUCTION
Effective anesthesia is an essential component of dermatologic surgery, and almost all dermatologic surgical procedures can be performed under local anesthesia. Local anesthetics have been in use since the 1880s with the introduction of cocaine hydrochloride, which was extracted from the leaves of the South American bush Erythroxylon coca. This was followed by procaine in 1904, tetracaine in 1930, and lidocaine, the first amide local anesthetic, was introduced in 1943. The introduction of lidocaine was a major breakthrough because lidocaine is far less likely to cause an allergic reaction than the ester-type anesthetics that preceded it.
Local anesthesia has several advantages over general anesthesia, including reduced morbidity (especially in poor-risk patients), reduced cost, reduced procedure time, and faster recovery. The main disadvantages are some limitation on the extent of a procedure and the possibility of greater patient discomfort from the injections. Knowledge of the physiology, dosage, side effects, and proper โpainlessโ local anesthesia technique are essential for performing dermatologic surgery and to keep patients safe and satisfied.