๐ ็ธฝ็ฎ้ ๏ฝ ๐ ่ฑๆๅๆ๏ผๆฌ็ฏ๏ผ ๏ฝ ๐ ๅฎๆด็ฟป่ญฏ ๏ฝ โญ ็ฒพ่ฏ็ญ่จ
Introduction
Nutritional Diseases 51
Bernice Y. Kwong, Lucero Noguera-Morel, Stephanie Ann McLeish and Chad M. Hivnor
Key features
ยDeficiencies in macronutrients (carbohydrates, fats, proteins) and micronutrients (vitamins, essential trace minerals) can affect any organ system, including the skin, which may provide clues to the diagnosis
ยSevere acute malnutrition manifests as two classic proteinโenergy malnutrition syndromes: kwashiorkor and marasmus
ยIn addition to inadequate oral intake, there are secondary causes of nutritional deficiencies including intestinal malabsorption due to medical conditions, medications, and surgical procedures as well as increased nutritional demand due to severe illnesses (e.g. late-stage metastatic carcinoma, systemic infection)
ยVitamin and trace element deficiencies can lead to a wide range of mucocutaneous findings, from follicular keratoses to periorificial erosions to poor wound healing
ยObesity can be associated with high-calorie malnutrition and multiple skin changes ranging from acanthosis nigricans to lipodermatosclerosis