色素性癢疹(PRURIGO PIGMENTOSA)
此疾病首次由 Nagashima 於 1971 年描述,其特徵為背部、頸部與胸部出現極度搔癢的紅斑性丘疹與丘疹水疱之疹病(圖 67.21A)。成批的發炎性病灶迅速發展,然後於一週內消退,留下斑狀的網狀色素過度沉著(圖 67.21B)。復發傾向發生於相同部位,且常可見到處於多個階段的病灶
A 一位青少女的頸部與背部。B 一位年長女性的胸部。A 由 Seth Orlow, MD PhD 提供。
。此病好發於年輕成人,女:男比 ≥2:1;大多數報告的病人來自東亞。在各種族裔背景的病人中,曾有因減重手術(bariatric surgery)、生酮飲食(ketogenic diet)或第 1 型糖尿病所致的酮症(ketosis)誘發 prurigo pigmentosa 的報告。
已辨識出三個組織病理階段:(1) 嗜中性球外滲(neutrophilic exocytosis)、海綿樣水腫、乳頭狀真皮水腫,以及淺層血管周圍嗜中性球浸潤;(2) 表皮內/表皮下水疱形成、壞死的角質細胞,以及以淋巴球為主混雜嗜酸性球的斑塊狀苔癬樣浸潤(圖 67.21C);以及 (3) 程度不一的角化不全(parakeratosis)、棘皮症(acanthosis)、表皮色素過度沉著,以及真皮 melanophages。以口服 minocycline、doxycycline 或 dapsone 治療對 prurigo pigmentosa 的發炎成分常有效。此病對皮質類固醇(局部或全身性)或抗組織胺無反應。與酮症相關的 prurigo pigmentosa 可能在重新攝取碳水化合物後改善。

Fig. 67.18 Histologic differences between stage 3 incontinentia pigmenti (IP) and linear and whorled nevoid hypermelanosis (LWNH).
圖 67-18:第 3 期色素失禁症(IP)與線狀漩渦狀痣樣黑色素過多症(LWNH)之間的組織學差異

Fig. 67.19 Stage 3 incontinentia pigmenti in a 2-year-old child. Note the characteristic gray–brown color and the distribution along the lines of Blaschko.
圖 67-19:一名 2 歲兒童的第 3 期色素失禁症。注意特徵性的灰褐色調與沿 lines of Blaschko 的分布。

Fig. 67.20 Confluent and reticulated papillomatosis.
圖 67-20:融合性網狀乳頭瘤病

Fig. 67.21 Prurigo pigmentosa. A Eroded and crusted erythematous papules and plaques. A few patches of hyperpigmentation are seen inferiorly. B Erythematous crusted papules admixed with reticulated macular hyperpigmentation. C Histopathologic features include intraepidermal vesiculation, necrotic keratinocytes, and a patchy lichenoid infiltrate. A, Courtesy Luis Requena, MD; B, C, Courtesy Lorenzo Cerroni, MD.
圖 67-21:色素性癢疹。A 糜爛與結痂的紅斑性丘疹與斑塊。下方可見數個色素過度沉著的斑塊。B 紅斑性結痂丘疹混雜網狀斑狀色素過度沉著。C 組織病理特徵包括表皮內水疱形成、壞死的角質細胞與斑塊狀苔癬樣浸潤。A 由 Luis Requena, MD 提供;B、C 由 Lorenzo Cerroni, MD 提供。

Table 67.8 Disorders characterized by reticulated pigmentation. Entities in the rows with a darker shade are covered in this chapter. Fanconi anemia is discussed in Table 67.10. ADAM10; a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10; AD, autosomal dominant; AR, autosomal recessive; KRT5/14, keratin 5 or 14; POFUT1, protein O-fucosyltransferase 1; POGLUT1, protein O-glucosyltransferase 1; POLA1, DNA polymerase-α1, catalytic subunit; PSENEN, presenilin enhancer protein 2; XLR, X-linked recessive.
表 67-8:以網狀色素沉著為特徵的疾病。深色底列中的疾病於本章討論。Fanconi anemia 於表 67.10 討論。ADAM10, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10;AD, autosomal dominant;AR, autosomal recessive;KRT5/14, keratin 5 or 14;POFUT1, protein O-fucosyltransferase 1;POGLUT1, protein O-glucosyltransferase 1;POLA1, DNA polymerase-α1, catalytic subunit;PSENEN, presenilin enhancer protein 2;XLR, X-linked recessive。